Soil erosion is the process by which soil is moved from one location to another by natural forces such as water, wind, or gravity. It is a major environmental problem that can lead to loss of fertile topsoil, decreased agricultural productivity, and increased sedimentation in water bodies. Soil erosion can be caused by factors such as deforestation, improper land use practices, and climate change. Mitigation measures include planting trees, contour plowing, and the use of retaining walls or terracing to stabilize slopes and prevent erosion. Research in this area focuses on understanding the causes and impacts of soil erosion, as well as developing effective strategies for its prevention and control.